[main characteristics of textile fibers]
Release date: [2008-1-14] read [1037]
Acrylic fiber is polyacrylonitrile fiber, which is made from more than 85 % acrylonitrile and a small number of second and third monomers, which are made by wet or dry spinning. It was one of the main synthetic fiber varieties in the United States in 1950. Because the properties of acrylic are similar to wool, it is also known as "synthetic wool".
Acrylic production is mainly short fiber, it can be pure spinning, it can be blended with wool or other fiber, it can be made into clothing with fabric, wool, blanket and knitwear, especially for curtain. Nitrile also can make filament, for processing into acrylic bulky yarn. In addition, acrylic is the main raw material for producing carbon fiber.
The main physical and chemical properties of acrylic
1. The longitudinal or small grooves of the morphological acrylic are different and different from the spinning method. The fiber sections of the dry spinning fiber are dumbbell, and the wet spinning is round.
The strength of strong and elastic acrylic is 17.6 ~ 30.8 cN/Tex, which is lower than polyester and polyamide, and its elongation rate is 25% ~ 46%, similar to polyester and nylon. The acrylic fleeciness, curl and soft, the elasticity is better, but the remaining deformation of the multiple stretching is larger, so the cuff, neckline and so on of acrylic knitting are easy to deform.
3. Moisture absorption and dyeing acrylic structure are compact, hygroscopicity is low, and the moisture regain rate in general atmosphere is about 2%. In addition, the dyeing sex of acrylic is not good enough, but now can use cationic dye to dye a variety of bright color.
4. Light-resistant acrylic is excellent in light and weather resistance and is best in common textile fibers. An acrylic is exposed to the outside for a year, its strength is reduced by only 20%, so acrylic is most suitable for outdoor use.
5. Acid and alkaline acrylic has better chemical stability, acid resistance, weak alkali, oxidant and organic solvents. But the acrylic will be yellow in the lye and the large molecules will break.
6. The quasi-crystalline structure of other properties makes the fibers have thermal flexibility, so the acrylic can be made into all kinds of bulky yarn. In addition, acrylic heat resistance is good, not moldy, not afraid of insects, but poor wear resistance, poor dimensional stability. The relative density of acrylic is relatively small.
The dystaining of dacron is poor, and it should be dyed with high temperature and high pressure.
4. Other properties of polyester are high heat resistance, light resistance second only to acrylic, poor conductivity, easy to generate static electricity, fabric easy to absorb dust. Dacron has good chemical stability, and is not easy to mold and moth.
Overview of spandex:
Polyurethane is the product name of polyurethane elastic fiber in our country. Polyurethane, which began industrializing production in 1959, mainly produces elastic fabrics, which are often spun into a core-spun yarn with other fibers for use in weaving. It can be used to make all kinds of underwear, swimsuits, tights, jeans, tracksuits and elastic parts of the belt. The clothes made of spandex are comfortable to suit the needs of various parts of the body, and can reduce the feeling of clothing to the body.
The main physical and chemical properties of spandex
1. The cross-section of the elastic fibers of the morphological polyester is broad bean shaped, and the cross-section of polyether elastic fibers is triangular.
2. The strength of strong extensibility and elastic spandex is very low. The fracture strength of the filament is about 4 ~ 9cN/Tex, but the elongation of spandex is very large, and the elongation rate of the fracture is 450% ~ 800%, and the elasticity is very good. Therefore high elongation, high elasticity is the biggest characteristic of spandex.
3. The hygroscopic and chromic spandex is poor, and the moisture regain in general atmosphere is about 0.8% ~ 1%. But its dyeing performance is better.
4. The density of other properties of spandex is better, only 1 ~ 1.3 g/cm3. In addition, the alkali resistance, solvent resistance, light resistance and wear resistance of spandex are better.
Profile of polypropylene:
Polypropylene fiber is the product name of polypropylene fiber, which is made from propylene as the raw material by polymerization and melt spinning. The production of polypropylene, which officially began in 1957, is a rising star in synthetic fibers. Because of the simple production process of polypropylene, low price, high strength, relatively low density and other advantages, polypropylene develops rapidly. Currently, polypropylene is the fourth largest variety of synthetic fibers.
The production of polypropylene includes staple fiber, filament and split film fiber. The polypropylene film is made of polypropylene, which is then stretched to split into a network of the original fiber. Polypropylene is used in manufacturing industrial fabrics, non-woven fabrics, etc. Such as carpet, industrial filter cloth, rope, fishing net, building reinforced material, oil absorbing blanket and decorative cloth. On the civil side, polypropylene can be spun or blended with wool, cotton or viscose to make a variety of materials. In addition, polypropylene film fiber can be used as packaging material.
The main physical and chemical properties of polypropylene
1. The longitudinal plane of the shape polypropylene is straight and smooth, with a circular section.
2. The biggest advantages of density polypropylene texture light, its density of 0.91 g/cm3 is a common chemical fiber density the lightest varieties, so the same weight of polypropylene higher coverage than other fibers.
3. High tensile strength, high tensile strength, high initial modulus and excellent elasticity. So polypropylene wear well. In addition, the wet strength of polypropylene is basically equal to dry, so it is the ideal material for making nets and cables.
4. Hygroscopic and chromic polypropylene absorbability is very small, almost non-hygroscopic, and the moisture regain in general atmospheric conditions is close to zero. But it has a wick, which passes through the capillary in the fabric, but can't absorb any of it. The chromaticity of polypropylene is poor, the chromatogram is not full, but can use the method that the liquid colorization is used to make up the deficiency.
5. Acid and alkali resistance Polypropylene has good resistance to chemical corrosion resistance, in addition to the concentrated nitric acid, concentration of caustic soda, polypropylene fiber on the acid and alkali resistance performance is good, so is suitable for used as filtration materials and packaging materials.
6. Light resistance is poor in light resistance, poor thermal stability, aging and ironing. But the anti-aging properties can be improved by adding anti-aging agent to the spinning. In addition, the electric insulation of polypropylene is good, but easy to produce static electricity when processing.
Polyamide overview:
Polyamide is the first synthetic fiber variety produced by industrialization, belonging to aliphatic polyamide fiber. The main varieties of nylon are polyamide 6 and nylon 66. Nylon is the main synthetic fiber, second only to dacron, with high performance, high yield and wide use.
Polyamide is mainly made of silk, with a small amount of nylon short fiber. Nylon filament is used to make strong wire for producing socks, underwear, sports shirts and so on. Nylon staple fiber is mainly mixed with viscose, cotton, wool and other synthetic fiber, used as clothing fabric. Nylon can also be used in industry as tire cord, parachute, fishing net, rope, conveyor belt and so on.
The main physical and chemical properties of polyamide
1. The longitudinal surface of the shape polyamide is smooth and smooth, and the section is round. Polyamide alkali-resistant acid, in inorganic acid, the amide bond on the polyamide will fracture.
2. Strong tensile strength, high tensile strength and excellent elasticity. The fracture strength is about 42 ~ 56cN/Tex, and the elongation rate reaches 25% ~ 65%. So, the wearability of the nylon is particularly good, in common textile fiber in the first place. It is an ideal material for making abrasion resistant products. But the initial modulus of nylon is small, easy to deform, its fabric is not enclosed.
3. Hygroscopic and staining polyamide absorbability is the better in common synthetic fiber, with the moisture regain rate of about 4.5% in general atmospheric conditions. In addition, the dyeing property of polyamide is also better, which can be stained with acid dyes, disperse dyes and other dyes.
4. Light resistance, heat resistance and so on Because of polyamide are more sensitive macromolecular end group of light, heat, leading to nylon yellow, brittle, so the light fastness of polyamide and heat resistance is poorer, unfavorable outdoor use fabric. In addition, nylon is corrosion resistant, not afraid of mold, not afraid of insects.
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